Modern visual restoration operations are high -tech and insurance procedures that allow us to eliminate almost any ophthalmic problem.They have been used successfully for several decades, so the methods are constantly developed, they are expanding and become more effective.Improving visual functions is achieved using hardware correction of cornea, lens, retina and other elements of the optical eye system.The properly selected technology allows not only to completely restore the vision, but also reduce the risk of complications.From the article you will learn which ophthalmic operations, indications of use and possible risks exist.
Guys
Thanks to the development of hardware medicine methods, visual and minimally invasive procedures are reliable and minimally invasive.Its duration does not exceed several hours, and in the future there is no need for complex rehabilitation measures.The choice of the surgical treatment method is chosen depending on the disease, age and the general condition of the patient's visual apparatus.
Laser correction
The most popular type of operation to correct visual acuity.Today, these are perfect high -tech methods that have high efficiency and a minimum risk of complications.Allow him to face myopia, the vision of the future and astigmatism.After the procedure, visual acuity is maintained for a long time, and if you follow all the instructions of an ophthalmologist, it can completely avoid repeated intervention.There are several types of laser correction:
- Lasik.The basic type of operation to restore visual acuity.First, the superficial layer of the cornea is separated by a microcarrat, and then using a laser beam, a change is carried out in its form.The main disadvantage of this type of correction is the inability to take into account the individual characteristics of the patient's eye anatomy;
- Super laSik.An advanced version of the traditional lasik methodology.It allows you to achieve a better result, since it takes into account the structure of the patient's visual system.Used in most modern clinics in the world;
- FEMTO LASIK.A similar type of operation, the only difference is that the cut of the cornea is not carried out by a micrococat, but by a special femo laser.There is an improved version in which the course of the operation depends on the individual characteristics of the patient: Super Femto Lasik;
- Epi-laik.The mechanism of the procedure is identical to the traditional LASIK method, but this operation is prescribed only to patients with a limked cornea (acquired or congenital);
- PRK (FRK).The photographic refraction keratectomy has been carried out since 1985. Today it has been applied in the presence of contraindications to ordinary correction methods, for example, with a subtle cornea, serious ophthalmic diseases.The healing process is always painful, the recovery period lasts more than in other methods.
Visual correction operations do not last more than 15 minutes.After the procedure, it is necessary to use a protective dressing for several hours, as well as the instillation of drops for 1-2 months.The risk of complications is minimal, repeated treatment is necessary with a significant decrease in vision.
Vitrectomy
This is a procedure for complete or partial elimination of the vitreous body of the eyeball.It is carried out under general or local anesthesia, in the absence of complications, it passes in 2-3 hours.First, small tips are made in the outlet, through which subsequent manipulations are carried out.As a general rule, this is a cauterization by a laser of the affected areas of the retina, the densification of the foreigner or the restoration of the integrity of the fabric.The procedure is prescribed for the following problems:
- Restoration of visual functions after bleeding in eye tissues;
- prevention of retinal detachment related to age;
- The treatment of severe eye retinopathy in which gross or neovascularization scars (germination of blood vessels) occurs.
Artificial polymers, gas bubble, silicone oil or a balanced salt solution are used as a vitreous body replacement.The last type is used more frequently, since in the future repeated operation is not required: the saline solution is subsequently replaced by intraocular fluid.
After surgery, the side effects are possible in the form of swelling of the cornea, increasing intraocular pressure or even more vision.Restoration and prognosis depend on the immensity of the lesion, as well as the type of prosthesis by replacing the vitreous body.If there are irreversible changes in the optic nerve, then the correction of the vision is almost impossible.
Scleroplasty
A common ophthalmic procedure aimed at strengthening the outer eye cover (sclera).It is prescribed not to correct visual functions, but to stabilize the degree of myopia in the patient of the risk group.It is recommended to carry out adolescents who suffer from this problem, since at this age the shape of the eye is actively changing.
During the operation, the required amount of material fins to strengthen the sclera is introduced behind the posterior wall of the eyeball.Polymers or biological components are generally used.After that, a spike occurs with the outer cover of the eye, and after a few months the blood vessels necessary to maintain visual functions grow in the flap.There is a simplified version of scleroplasty.It is an introduction of an artificial or biological substance for the ocular globe.The mechanism of action in such technology is identical, avoiding the growth of the ocular globe.
Scleroplasty
This is a well -studied operation that practically does not change over the years.It is carried out in most clinics.There were practically no side effects, with the exception of possible drug allergies.In general, a second operation is required.
Lens replacement
The necessary operation, which is prescribed during the cloud or any other degenerative process in the lens, for example, cataracts.The treatment is always forced, but the implant is selected individually, depending on the age, gender and severity of the pathological changes in the eye.Crystalus replacement is prescribed in the following cases:
- high degrees of myopia and farsightedness;
- significant decrease in refraction;
- Regenerative processes in the eye, decreased age related to age;
- the impossibility of the restoration of the laser vision;
- cataract;
- The probability of developing glaucoma in a context of a systemic or ophthalmic disease.
The procedure always takes place under local anesthesia.During the operation, the surgeon makes a small incision with a laser, after which the patient's lens is diluted with a special tool and eliminates it from the eye.After that, a prepared transplant is installed.The intervention does not last more than 25 minutes, the subsequent imposition of the seams and the recovery in the hospital is not required.
The operation is carried out in most private and state clinics.In general, there are no complications after manipulation, but the subsequent laser correction is often prescribed.In rare cases, a lens replacement is necessary.
Keratoplasty (cornea replacement)
One of the most modern and complex ophthalmic operations, which is associated with many risks and requires a high qualification of the surgeon.It is necessary to restore the anatomical integrity and physiological functions of the cornea.It is prescribed for the treatment of congenital or acquired defects obtained as a result of injuries or diseases.The healthy fabric for transplantation is taken only in donors, but the development of artificial replacement is carried out in many countries.Keratoplasty is recommended to solve the following problems:
- Treatment of corneal diseases (Belko, tone alterations);
- mechanical or chemical damage;
- Congenital defects.
The operation is carried out no more than 30 minutes.During the procedure, the surgeon with a special laser or scalpel eliminates part of the patient's cornea and implies the donor fabric in place.The seams can persist up to one year, after which a special lens is selected to reduce the risk of infections.The recovery period is 4 weeks, during which antibiotic is needed, but regular exams are required throughout the later year.
In recent years, it was possible to significantly reduce the risk of rejection of the donor tissue due to the use of special compositions during their processing and preservation.
Retina laser coagulation
The Operating Method of Retinal Fabric.The effectiveness of the method is more than 70%, and already 24 hours after its implementation, it can return to the usual lifestyle.The observations of an ophthalmologist are necessary within a year after the procedure.
Today, the operation is carried out using a laser, which allows you to do it without blood loss.Anesthesia is carried out at the local, the procedure time does not take more than 20 minutes.
Before laser exposure, the drip falls to expand the pupil and then put a special protective lens, through which exposure to low frequencies occurs.Due to high temperatures, paste damaged cells, as well as small blood vessels.
The coagulation procedure is necessary for any damage and pathologies of the retina, as well as with eyes and diseases of the vascular system of this organ.After the operation, inflammation and cloud is possible.For several years after correction, it is impossible to participate in a great physical work and active sports.
Reticulation
An effective method to treat several cornea diseases.It is carried out to strengthen ligaments and other fibers in corneal tissues, which is necessary for the keratocone of varying degrees or degenerative processes, dystrophy.
The operation is carried out under local anesthesia.First, a small part of the cornea is cut with a special device, and vitamin B2 is instilled in the open area.The posterior irradiation allows you to compact fabrics by more than 200%.The first week after the operation, it is necessary to use a protective contact lens and for 6 months to be examined by a doctor.The effect of the procedure persists for 10 years, then a repeated operation is required.
Complications are observed in rare cases.The patient can decrease vision, inflammation or cloud of the cornea can occur.
Glaucoma treatment
The ophthalmological operation for several degrees of glaucoma is necessary when pharmacological therapy does not provide the necessary result.The operation is carried out using a laser or surgically.
The laser method is considered the most successful.It is completely painless for the patient, and there are practically no complications.During the procedure, a hole is made with a beam through which the liquid from the eye tissues is removed to normalize the pressure.It is used to treat all types of glaucoma.
The type of manual surgical operation is less effective because there is a risk of complications after the procedure.As a general rule, this is a deep sclerectomy that does not rush.The purpose of the method is to reduce intraocular pressure using a slight thinning of the corneal layer.
The effect after both types of operations is reduced over time.On average, after 5-7 years, a second operation is required.This period can be extended using competent pharmacological treatment.
Conclusions
Today, in most modern ophthalmic clinics, a series of surgical procedures for vision correction are carried out.These are precise high -tech methods with which you can solve almost any eye defect.The choice of the method depends on a series of factors: age, disease, individual characteristics of the patient's visual system structure.After the operation, the effect occurs almost immediately, and if all the doctor's recipes are observed, visual acuity can be preserved for a long time.